阅读理解———因果题的判定
By Zhao Hongyan
一、因果关系题出现的频率：
2017年新课标I B2,3 2018年新课标I D2
2017年新课标I C1 2018年新课标II B2
2017年新课标III C2 2018年新课标II C1
2017年新课标III B2 2018年新课标III B3
2017年新课标III D2 2018年新课标III D3
2017年浙江卷 B3 2018年北京卷 B1
2017年北京卷 A2
2017年北京卷 C3
2017年北京卷 D2
二、设置的问题：
Why +结果？
结果+because..........?
What made/ caused +结果？
What’s the reason for +结果？
三、因果题的解题步骤：
结果定位
因果题
寻找原因————因果关系的判定
四、因果题的实战演练： (Practice)
1、and前是正确答案
Passage 1：（2012年新课标B）
Most?people,?and?many?animals,?like?eating?it.?However,?the?only?way?for?them?to?get?that?honey?is?to?find?a?wild?bees'?nest?and?take?the?honey?from?it.?Often,?these?nests?are?high?up?in?trees,?and?it?is?difficult?to?find
them.?In?parts?of?Africa,?though,?people?and?animals?looking?for?honey
have?a?strange?and?unexpected?helper?-?a?little?bird?called?a?honey?guide.
题干：Why?is?it?difficult?to?find?a?wild?bees'?nest?
A. ?It's?small?in?size.? B.?It's?hidden?in?trees.
?C. It's?covered?with?wax.? D.?It's?hard?to?recognize.
Passage 2: (2017年新课标 I B）
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
题干：What made the chick calm down?
A. A new nest B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parents.
2、从句本身是答案
Passage 3： （2009年新课标 C）
It’s?not?just?that?we’re?going?to?where?the?animals?are;?we’re?also?bringing?them?closer?to?us.?Popular?foreign?pets?have?brought?a?whole?new?disease?to?this?country.?A?strange?illness?killed?Isaksen’s?pets,?and?she?now?thinks?that?keeping?foreign?pets?is?a?bad?idea.“I?don’t?think?it’s?fair?to?have?them?as?pets?when?we?have?such?a?limited?knowledge?of?them,”says?Isaksn
题干：Why?did?Isaksen?advise?people?not?to?have?foreign?pets?
A. They?attack?human?beings.? B.We?need?to?study?native?animals.
C.They?can’t?live?out?of?the?rain?forest.? D.We?do?not?know?much?about?them?yet.
Passage 4：（2015新课标 I D）
The?city‘s?psychology?cafes,?which?offer?great?comfort,?are?among?the?most?popular?places.?Middle-aged?homemakers,?retirees,?and?the?unemployed?come?to?such?cafes?to?talk?about?lover,?anger,?and?dreams?with?a?psychologist.?And?they?come?to?Lehance‘s?group?just?to?learn?to?say?what?they?feel.?There‘s?a?strong?need?in?Paris?for?communication,?says?Maurice?Frisch,?a?cafe?La?Chope?regular?who?works?as?religious?instructor?in?a?nearby?church.?―People?have?few?real?friends.?And?they?need?to?open?upLehanne?says?she‘d?like?to?see?psychology?cafes?all?over?France.?―If?people?had?normal?lives,?these?cafes?would‘t?exist‖,?she?says,‖If?life?weren‘t?a?battle,?people?wouln‘t?need?a?special?place?just?to?speak.But?them,?it?wouldn‘t?be?France.
题干：Why?are?psychology?cafes?becoming?popular?in?Paris?
A. ?They?bring?people?true?friendship.? B.?They?give?people?spiritual?support.
C.?They?help?people?realize?their?dreams.
D.?They?offer?a?platform?for?business?links.
3、doing/done是答案
Passage 5：（2016年新课标 B）
As?a?third?generation?native?of?Brownsville,?Texas,?Mildred?Garza?never?pleased?move?away.?Even?when?her?daughter?and?son?asked?her?to?move?to?San?Antonio?to?help?their?children,?she?politely?refused.?Only?after?a?year?of?friendly?discussion?did?Ms.?Gaf?finally?say?yes.?That?was?four?years?ago.?Today?all?three?generations?regard?the?move?to?a?success,?giving?them?a?closer?relationship?than?they?would?have?had?in?separate?cities.
题干：Why was Garza’s move a success?
A. It strengthened her family ties.
B. It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her make more friends.
D. It helped her know more new places.
4、目的是答案
Passage6：（2010年新课标 C）
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
题干：Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?
A．To find more food. B．To protect themselves better.
B．To keep themselves warm. D．To produce their young.
5、because后是答案
Passage 7：（2016年新课标 A）
Sandra?Day?O’Connor(1930-present)? When?Sandra?Day?O‘Connor?finished?third?in?her?class?at?Stanford?Law?School,?in?1952,she?could?not?find?work?at?a?law?firm?because?she?was?a?woman.?She?became?an?Arizona?state?senator(参议员)?and?,in?1981,?the?first?woman?to?join?the??U.S.?Supreme?Court.?O‘Connor?gave?the?deciding?vote?in?many?important?cases?during?her?24?years?on?the?top?court.
题干：What is the reason for O‘Connor‘s being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law.
B.Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women.
D. The poor financial conditions.
五、Practice： （一）
Of?the?common?berries,?strawberries?are?highest?in?vitamin?C,?although,?because?of?their?seeds,?raspberries?contain?a?little?more?protein?(蛋白质),?iron?and?zinc?(not?that?fruits?have?much?protein).?Blueberries?are?particularly?high?in?antioxidants?(抗氧化物质).?The?yellow?and?orange?stone?fruits?such?as?peaches?are?high?in?the?carotenoids?we?turn?into?vitamin?A?and?which?are?antioxidants. As?for?cherries?(樱桃),?they?are?so?delicious?who?cares??However,?they?are?rich?in?vitamin?C. （第一题答案位置）
When?combined?with?berries?of?slices?of?other?fruits,?frozen?bananas?make?an?excellent?base?for?thick,?cooling?fruit?shakes?and?low?fat?“ice?cream”.?For?this?purpose,?select?ripe?bananas?for?freezing?as?they?are?much?sweeter.?Remove?the?skin?and?place?them?in?plastic?bags?or?containers?and?freeze.?If?you?like,?a?squeeze?of?fresh?lemon?juice?on?the?bananas?will?prevent?them?turning?brown.?Frozen?bananas?will?last?several?weeks,?depending?on?their?ripeness?and?the?temperature?of?the?freezer
25. Why?is?fresh?lemon?juice?used?in?freezing?bananas?
A. ?To?make?them?smell?better.???? B.?To?keep?their?colour.
B. ?To?speed?up?their?ripening.???? D.?To?improve?their?nutrition.
（二）
According to the report?s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ?hardly ever? read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”?（第一题答案）
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
30. Why?do?many?parents?limit?electronic?reading?
A. E-books?are?of?poor?quality.
B. It?could?be?a?waste?of?time.
C. It?may?harm?children?s?health.
D. E-readers?are?expensive.
（三）
We?may?think?we‘re?a?culture?that?gets?rid?of?our?worn?technology?at?the?first?sight?of?something?shiny?and?new,but?a?new?study?shows?that?we?keep?using?our?old?devices?(装置)?well?after?they?go?out?of?style,That’s?bad?news?for?environment?–?and?our?wallets?–?as?these?outdated?devices?consume?much?more?energy?than?the?newer?ones?that?do?the?same?things.（第一题答案）? ??
To?figure?out?how?much?power?these?devices?are?using,Callie?Babbitt?and?her?colleagues?at?the?Rochester?Institute?of?Technology?in?New?York?tracked?the?environmental?costs?for?each?product?throughout?its?life?–?form?when?its?minerals?are?mined?to?when?we?stop?using?the?device.This?method?provided?a?readout?for?how?home?energy?use?evolved?since?the?early?1990s.Devices?were?grouped?by?generation.Desktop?computers?basic?mobile?phones,and?box-set?TVs?defined?1992.?Digital?cameras?arrived?on?the?scene?in?1997.?And?MP3?players,?smart?phones,?and?LCD?TVs?entered?homes?in?2002,?before?tablets?and?e-readers?showed?up?in?2007.
33. Why?did?Babbin’s?team?conduct?the?research? ?? A.To?reduce?the?cost?of?minerals.
B To?test?the?life?cycle?of?a?product.
C.To?update?consumers?on?new?technology.
D.To?find?out?electricity?consumption?of?the?devices.
六、总结：因果题的方法：
因果关系线索：显性原因：
隐性原因：
